As temperatures drop and winter weather becomes severe, feral cats are increasingly vulnerable to the elements. Lacking appropriate shelter, the cats’ ears, feet, and tails can become frostbitten, possibly leading to disability and infection. You can lend a helping paw to the cats in your neighborhood (they’re probably around even if you don’t see them) by placing a feral cat shelter behind your home or apartment building.

Not sure where to start? Here’s how to build one. I offer a variety of options for all income and skill levels. (Seriously — you can get most of this stuff at your local hardware or big-box store.)

Probably the simplest shelter design I’ve seen is via Neighborhood Cats, an organization dedicated to nationwide trap-neuter-return education and promotion.

Here’s what you’ll need:

• A large Rubbermaid storage bin
• An eight-by-two-foot sheet of one-inch-thick hard polystyrene
• A yardstick
• A box cutter or utility knife
• Straw, shredded newspaper, or other insulation

Here’s how to build it, via the CSM Stray Foundation, a nonprofit animal protection group in Queens:

1. Cut a doorway in one of the long sides of the storage bin toward the corner. To prevent flooding, cut the opening so that the bottom of the doorway is several inches above the ground.
2. Line the floor of the bin with a piece of polystyrene, using the yardstick and box cutter to cut out the piece.
3. Line each of the four interior walls of the bin with a piece of the polystyrene. Leave a uniform gap of at least three inches between the top of these polystyrene wall pieces and the upper lip of the bin so the interior polystyrene roof will fit.
4. Cut a doorway in the polystyrene that lines up with the doorway cut in the storage bin.
5. Stuff the bottom of the bin with straw or other insulating material to hold the polystyrene interior wall pieces in place.
6. Cut out a polystyrene roof to rest on top of the interior wall pieces
7. Cover the bin with its lid.

Here’s a possibly cheaper polystyrene option from Animalkind Inc., a nonprofit rescue organization providing TNR and low-cost spay/neuter in Hudson, New York.

1. Get free polystyrene packing cases from a restaurant.
2. Line the interior with contact paper to prevent the cats from scratching the polystyrene walls.
3. Saw an entrance hole at one end.
4. Cover the edges of the hole with duct tape.
5. Seal the cover back on using silicone sealant (and a caulking gun).
6. Turn it upside down so that the bottom of the case becomes the roof.
7. If desired, paint the outside of the shelter.
8. Pack straw inside so that the cats can “burrow” in the insulating straw.

Have some disposable income? It is worth sniffing around Etsy, where you can find cedar feral cat sanctuaries with heated beds or ones that look like cute, well-designed miniature homes. These cost from $120 to $500, though, so when it comes to feral cat shelters, it might be DIY FTW.

Here are more DIY options:

The Urban Cat League feeds and cares for ferals in New York City. It offers illustrated instructions on how to build cat shelters out of materials including polystyrene fish and steak boxes as well as plastic storage bins.

Not comfortable using power tools? Most of the shelters the group suggests are also available for purchase.

Here are a few helpful tips from Petfinder and Neighborhood Cats:

• Build your cat shelter on stilts or attach it to pieces of wood so that snow and rain will not bury the door or inundate the shelter. Similarly, cutting the entrance several inches from the base of the box can help prevent flooding.
• Include two holes in the shelter — an entrance and an emergency exit, so cats cannot be cornered by prey.
• Shelters with lids make the interior more accessible for cleaning or tending to an injured cat.
• Heated water bowls cost $15 to $50 on Amazon and can help feral cats survive a long, cold winter.
• Sprinkle catnip inside the shelter to attract the cats.
• Place rocks or something heavy atop lighter shelters to weigh them down.
• Be sure to use straw — not hay — for insulation. In fact, straw is pretty much ideal, because it repels moisture and is tough, lightweight, and inexpensive, and it allows cats to burrow. It is also easy to clean and replace. Straw is available for purchase at most garden centers.

Have you built a feral cat shelter? How are you planning to help the strays in your neighborhood this winter? Share in the comments!

About Angela: This not-crazy-at-all cat lady loves to lint-roll her favorite dress and go out dancing. She also frequents the gym, the vegan coffee joint, and the warm patch of sunlight on the living room floor. She enjoys a good cat rescue story about kindness and decency overcoming the odds, and she’s an enthusiastic recipient of headbutts and purrs from her two cats, Bubba Lee Kinsey and Phoenix.

More by Angela Lutz:

• Valor the Blind Kitten Lives Up to His Name
• I’m Having a Quarter-Life Crisis; No One Understands But My Cat
• Four Ways I’ll Judge You Based on How You Treat My Cats
• 5 Awesome Facts About Your Cat’s Tongue